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Town page, Cherokee County
Oklahoma public hunting land around Caney Ridge
Caney Ridge as a hunting base: land by distance and how to get on it, the Cherokee County antlerless limits, season dates, deer harvest and businesses that take a deer.
Photo: Sequoyah National Wildlife Refuge, 21 mi from Caney Ridge (a nearby stand-in for the town). National Interagency Fire Center (Public Domain Mark 1.0)
Inside Cherokee County, Caney Ridge works as a small base for Green Country: the Ozark Plateau, Grand Lake and the Illinois River, the Osage hills edge and the Arkansas River lakes. Caney Ridge and Tenkiller Ferry Lake (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers) share a boundary. No 2024 head count exists for Caney Ridge: the city and town estimates cover incorporated places only. A 10-mile circle around Caney Ridge catches 7 listed areas and about 31,772 mapped public acres. A 25-mile drive opens 23 listed areas and about 105,402 acres. For Cherokee County as a whole, the GIS layers measure about 63,368 public acres, including 44,099 acres of ODWC area land, 189 acres of refuge land and 23,008 acres of Corps fee land. Top of the distance list for Caney Ridge: Tenkiller Ferry Lake (Corps), which reaches the edge of town.
Town point and land area from the Census 2024 Gazetteer; public acreage and boundary miles within 10 and 25 miles are a GIS measure over the ODWC WMA layer and USFS, USFWS, Corps and NPS boundaries (places.json; area counts are within 25 miles); OLAP tract acres from the ODWC OLAP layer. ODWC region from the ODWC administrative boundaries layer. Checked November 3, 2026.
Caney Ridge antlerless zones, elk zones and county rules
Each row is one county: antlerless zone and limits, elk zone, fall gun turkey and anything special such as the bear area or a CWD surveillance area.
| County | Zone (does) | Limit ML / gun | Zone (elk) | Fall gun turkey | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cherokee County town | 4 | 2/2 | Northeast | Open | – |
| Sequoyah County | 4 | 2/2 | Northeast, Southeast | Open | Bear area (part) |
| Adair County | 4 | 2/2 | Northeast | Open | – |
| Muskogee County | 4 | 2/2 | Northeast, Southeast | Open | Bear area (part) |
| Haskell County | 4, 10 | 2/2; 1/1 | Southeast | Open | Bear area |
Zone 4 covers Cherokee County on the antlerless deer map, which follows roads. (Zone 4; ODWC antlerless zone map.) Antlerless limits by zone: Zone 4: 2 antlerless by muzzleloader and 2 by gun. Oklahoma caps a hunter at six deer a season, two of them antlered at most, before holiday antlerless and controlled hunts. In Cherokee County, gun deer season runs November 21 through December 6, 2026, after the muzzleloader dates of October 24 to November 1. The Northeast Zone (Private lands north of I-40 and east of I-35) takes in Cherokee County, with a zone quota of 20; public elk hunting comes only through controlled hunts. (Northeast Zone.) Cherokee County is one of the 64 counties with a fall gun turkey season (October 31 to November 20). Cherokee County ducks follow Zones 1 and 2, last day January 31, 2027. No crane or jackrabbit season in Cherokee County: both are closed east of I-35. Baiting is banned on land owned or managed by ODWC, and turkeys may not be hunted within 100 yards of bait; the regulations read set no statewide private-land deer bait ban.
Zones from the ODWC antlerless deer zone map (county shares are a GIS overlay; the legal line is the road), ODWC elk zones, the bear area, fall turkey counties, the pheasant area, waterfowl zones, the crane area and the CWD surveillance areas; limits and baiting from the 2026-2027 Oklahoma Fishing and Hunting Regulations and ODWC turkey regulations. Checked November 3, 2026.
Lands to hunt near Caney Ridge
Land whose boundary comes within 25 miles of Caney Ridge heads the table, nearest edge first; anything farther follows by miles to its mapped point.
| Area | Reach | Category | Agency | Entry rule | Acres | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tenkiller Ferry Lake (Corps) page anchor | in town | Corps lake | Corps | Corps hunting areas | – | No acreage given |
| Cookson WMA | 3.6 mi SE | WMA | ODWC | Area rules | 15,281 | Nonresident check-in |
| Ozark Plateau NWR | 7.7 mi E | Wildlife refuge | USFWS | Refuge hunt units | 4,720 | – |
| Cherokee GMA | 8.8 mi W | Game management area | ODWC | Area rules | 15,360 | No own boundary |
| Cherokee PHA | 8.8 mi W | Public hunting area | ODWC | Area rules | 16,000 | No own boundary |
| Cherokee WMA | 8.8 mi W | WMA | ODWC | – | 31,360 | Nonresident check-in |
| Tenkiller WMA | 8.9 mi SW | WMA | ODWC | Area rules | 2,590 | Nonresident check-in |
| Sparrowhawk WMA | 14 mi N | WMA | ODWC | Area rules | 566 | Nonresident check-in |
| Thomas A. Bamberger Sr. WMA | 14 mi N | WMA | ODWC | Area rules | 302 | Nonresident check-in |
| Lower Illinois River PFHA | 16 mi SW | Fishing and hunting area | ODWC | Area rules | 320 | Nonresident check-in |
| Camp Gruber Training Center | 17 mi W | Military post | Army Guard | UXO permit, set days | 51,840 | Controlled hunts |
| Sequoyah County OLAP walk-in H002 | 18 mi SW | OLAP walk-in | ODWC lease | Land Access Permit | 485 | Hardwood Forest |
| Barren Fork WMA | 18 mi NE | WMA | ODWC | Area rules | 498 | Nonresident check-in |
| Ozark Plateau WMA | 18 mi E | WMA | ODWC | Area rules | 2,080 | Nonresident check-in |
Camp Gruber Training Center is the largest area inside 25 miles, at 51,840 acres by ODWC or federal figures. Counted by type: 15 ODWC-managed areas, 1 OLAP tract, 3 federal areas and 4 lake or park areas. Before a first trip to Cookson WMA, read its special regulations; a season not listed there follows the statewide rules. Phone (918) 260-8959 reaches the area staff. Out-of-state hunters check in for Cookson WMA first. OLAP walk-in land is open September 1 to May 16 with archery and shotguns only (no rifles, slugs or muzzleloaders); Sequoyah County OLAP walk-in H002 is the nearest tract. At Tenkiller Ferry Lake (Corps), Corps hunting areas are generally open to legal species and weapons, but not developed recreation areas or land around dams. Read the Ozark Plateau NWR hunt unit map and conditions before going. The refuge portion at McClellan-Kerr WRP is off limits October 15 to January 31. McClellan-Kerr WRP includes Wetland Development Units: 1 p.m. waterfowl close, no lead shot.
Short notes on public land by Caney Ridge
- Cookson WMA: 15,281 acres; non-ambulatory hunting acres 50; species: turkey, deer, quail, squirrel, rabbit; deer in 2025: 58; one designated primitive camping area is available for hunters (area map PDF)
- Ozark Plateau NWR: 4,720 acres; seasons for squirrel, rabbit, deer, feral hog
- Cherokee GMA: 15,360 acres; species: turkey, deer, quail, squirrel, rabbit; one designated primitive camping area is found in the PHA (printable map)
- Cherokee PHA: 16,000 acres; drive-in acres (permit) 1,404; listed game: deer, turkey, dove, quail, waterfowl; one designated primitive camping area is found in the PHA (map PDF)
- Cherokee WMA: 31,360 acres; species: turkey, deer, quail, squirrel, rabbit
Lands from ODWC area pages, Public Hunting Areas special regulations and the OLAP layer, USFWS, USFS, NPS, Corps and installation records (lands.json; each land page cites its own source); 2025 deer harvest by area from the ODWC 2025-26 big game harvest report. Boundary miles from places.json, other miles to each mapped point. Area rules from the Department-Managed Area Rules. Checked November 3, 2026.
Permit hunts close to Caney Ridge
Controlled hunts put drawn hunters on 6 areas near Caney Ridge in 2025. The 2026 controlled hunt application window closed May 20, 2026. The minimum age is 14 on most hunts, 12 at a few areas and 18 at Wichita Mountains refuge.
| Area | From town | Program | Hunt types | Permits issued |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cookson WMA | 6.3 mi | WMA | Deer, Elk, Motor vehicle or non-ambulatory permit deer, Yout | 67 |
| Tenkiller Ferry Lake (Corps) | 7.7 mi | Corps lake | Youth deer | 10 |
| Cherokee GMA | 12 mi | Game management area | Deer, Elk, Motor vehicle or non-ambulatory permit deer, Yout | 211 |
| Camp Gruber Training Center | 17 mi | Military post | Elk, Youth deer | 41 |
| Sequoyah NWR | 24 mi | Wildlife refuge | Deer, Motor vehicle or non-ambulatory permit deer, Youth dee | 158 |
| Fort Gibson WRP | 27 mi | Waterfowl refuge portion | Deer, Motor vehicle or non-ambulatory permit deer, Youth dee | 205 |
2025 controlled hunt results per area from the ODWC controlled hunts results (lands.json, controlled_hunts_2025); rules and dates from the ODWC controlled hunts page. Checked November 3, 2026.
Deer checked around Caney Ridge
Cherokee County produced 2,452 checked deer in 2025, outside the WMAs. A year earlier the figure was 2,225, so 2025 came in 10% higher. Bowhunters checked 756 deer in Cherokee County that year, gun hunters 1,293. Area harvest near Caney Ridge peaks at Fort Gibson WMA, 373 deer in 2025. Beyond whitetails, Cherokee County logged 3 elk in 2025. Turkey numbers exist only statewide: about 11,232 spring gobblers in the 2025 survey, none broken out for Cherokee County.
| Season | Deer | Gun | Muzzleloader | Archery | Antlered |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021-22 | 2,327 | 1,264 | 315 | 748 | 1,353 |
| 2022-23 | 2,400 | 1,319 | 256 | 825 | 1,303 |
| 2023-24 | 2,730 | 1,411 | 484 | 835 | 1,506 |
| 2024-25 | 2,225 | 1,188 | 280 | 757 | 1,106 |
| 2025-26 | 2,452 | 1,293 | 403 | 756 | 1,347 |
| Area | 2024-25 | 2025-26 |
|---|---|---|
| Cookson WMA | 74 | 58 |
| Barren Fork WMA | 8 | 11 |
| Ozark Plateau WMA | 5 | 5 |
| McClellan-Kerr WMA | 99 | 107 |
| Fort Gibson WRP | – | 52 |
| Fort Gibson WMA | 454 | 373 |
County deer harvest from the ODWC big game reports (2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025); area harvest and 2025 elk, bear, mule deer and pronghorn from the 2025-26 big game harvest report; turkey from the ODWC Game Harvest Survey. Checked November 3, 2026.
Caney Ridge ODWC and game warden contacts
For a counter visit, the closest ODWC office to Caney Ridge is in Porter, 36 miles off. The ODWC Northeast Region supervisor covering Cherokee County is Matt Mattioda. Cherokee County falls in game warden District 2; the district captain is David Robertson, (918) 431-2543. ODWC area pages list these game warden phones for Cherokee County: (918) 431-2562 and (918) 431-2552. Cherokee County votes in Wildlife Conservation Commission District 2.
ODWC Porter Office, nearest to Caney Ridge
ODWC Higgins Office, 63 mi
Offices from the ODWC offices list, game warden districts and captains from the ODWC game warden directory, region supervisors from the ODWC administrative boundaries layer, county warden phones from ODWC area pages (counties.json, services.json, lands.json). Offices without a geocoded address are measured to their town. Checked November 3, 2026.
Caney Ridge open seasons, 2026-27
Ducks run on Panhandle dates or Zone 1 and 2 dates, and cranes and jackrabbits only west of I-35, which is why the area column matters for Cherokee County.
| Quarry | Segment | Zone or area | Begins | Ends | Open now? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White-tailed deer | Archery | Zone 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 | Oct 1, 2026 | Jan 15, 2027 | |
| White-tailed deer | Youth gun | Zone 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 | Oct 16, 2026 | Oct 18, 2026 | |
| White-tailed deer | Muzzleloader | Zone 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 | Oct 24, 2026 | Nov 1, 2026 | |
| White-tailed deer | Gun | Zone 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 | Nov 21, 2026 | Dec 6, 2026 | |
| White-tailed deer | Holiday antlerless | Zone 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 | Dec 18, 2026 | Dec 31, 2026 | |
| Mule deer | All deer seasons | Statewide | Oct 1, 2026 | Jan 15, 2027 | |
| Elk | Archery | Northeast elk zone | Oct 1, 2026 | Jan 15, 2027 | |
| Elk | Youth elk gun | Northeast elk zone | Oct 16, 2026 | Oct 18, 2026 | |
| Elk | Muzzleloader | Northeast elk zone | Oct 24, 2026 | Nov 1, 2026 | |
| Elk | Gun | Northeast elk zone | Nov 21, 2026 | Dec 6, 2026 | |
| Elk | Holiday antlerless elk | Northeast elk zone | Dec 18, 2026 | Dec 31, 2026 | |
| Wild turkey | Youth fall turkey | Open counties | Oct 16, 2026 | Oct 18, 2026 | |
| Wild turkey | Fall Gun | Open counties | Oct 31, 2026 | Nov 20, 2026 | |
| Wild turkey | Fall Archery | Statewide | Oct 1, 2026 | Jan 15, 2027 | |
| Wild turkey | Youth Spring | Statewide | Apr 10, 2027 | Apr 11, 2027 | |
| Wild turkey | Spring | Statewide | Apr 16, 2027 | May 16, 2027 | |
| Feral hogs | Private land | Private land | Jul 1, 2026 | Jun 30, 2027 | |
| Quail | Season | Statewide | Nov 14, 2026 | Feb 15, 2027 | |
| Rabbits | Season | Statewide | Oct 1, 2026 | Mar 15, 2027 | |
| Squirrels | Season | Statewide | May 15, 2026 | Feb 28, 2027 | |
| Doves | Segment 1 | Statewide | Sep 1, 2026 | Oct 31, 2026 | |
| Doves | Segment 2 | Statewide | Dec 1, 2026 | Dec 29, 2026 | |
| Teal | September Teal | Statewide | Sep 12, 2026 | Sep 20, 2026 | |
| Ducks | Youth and veteran day | Zones 1 and 2 | Nov 7, 2026 | Nov 7, 2026 | |
| Ducks | Regular segment 1 | Zones 1 and 2 | Nov 14, 2026 | Dec 6, 2026 | |
| Ducks | Regular segment 2 | Zones 1 and 2 | Dec 12, 2026 | Jan 31, 2027 | |
| Ducks | Youth and veteran day | Zones 1 and 2 | Feb 6, 2027 | Feb 6, 2027 | |
| Canada geese | September Canada goose | Statewide | Sep 12, 2026 | Sep 21, 2026 | |
| Dark geese | Segment 1 | Statewide | Nov 7, 2026 | Dec 6, 2026 | |
| Dark geese | Segment 2 | Statewide | Dec 12, 2026 | Feb 14, 2027 | |
| Specklebellies | Segment 1 | Statewide | Nov 7, 2026 | Dec 6, 2026 | |
| Specklebellies | Segment 2 | Statewide | Dec 12, 2026 | Feb 7, 2027 | |
| Light geese | Segment 1 | Statewide | Nov 7, 2026 | Dec 6, 2026 | |
| Light geese | Segment 2 | Statewide | Dec 12, 2026 | Feb 14, 2027 | |
| Light geese | Conservation order | Statewide | Feb 15, 2027 | Mar 30, 2027 | |
| Woodcock | Season | Statewide | Nov 7, 2026 | Dec 21, 2026 | |
| Coyote | Year-round | Statewide | Jul 1, 2026 | Jun 30, 2027 | |
| Bobcat | Furbearer season | Statewide | Dec 1, 2026 | Feb 28, 2027 | |
| Gray fox | Furbearer season | Statewide | Dec 1, 2026 | Feb 28, 2027 | |
| Red fox | Furbearer season | Statewide | Dec 1, 2026 | Feb 28, 2027 | |
| Raccoon | Year-round | Statewide | Jul 1, 2026 | Jun 30, 2027 | |
| Prairie dog | Year-round | Statewide | Jul 1, 2026 | Jun 30, 2027 | |
| Beaver | Year-round | Statewide | Jul 1, 2026 | Jun 30, 2027 | |
| Nutria | Year-round | Statewide | Jul 1, 2026 | Jun 30, 2027 | |
| Striped skunk | Year-round | Statewide | Jul 1, 2026 | Jun 30, 2027 | |
| Bullfrogs | Year-round | Statewide | Jul 1, 2026 | Jun 30, 2027 | |
| Rails | Season | Statewide | Sep 1, 2026 | Nov 9, 2026 | |
| Gallinules | Season | Statewide | Sep 1, 2026 | Nov 9, 2026 | |
| Snipe | Season | Statewide | Sep 26, 2026 | Jan 10, 2027 | |
| Crows | Segment 1 | Statewide | Oct 10, 2026 | Nov 16, 2026 | |
| River otter | Furbearer season | Statewide | Dec 1, 2026 | Feb 28, 2027 | |
| Badger | Furbearer season | Statewide | Dec 1, 2026 | Feb 28, 2027 | |
| Mink | Furbearer season | Statewide | Dec 1, 2026 | Feb 28, 2027 | |
| Muskrat | Furbearer season | Statewide | Dec 1, 2026 | Feb 28, 2027 | |
| Opossum | Furbearer season | Statewide | Dec 1, 2026 | Feb 28, 2027 | |
| Weasel | Furbearer season | Statewide | Dec 1, 2026 | Feb 28, 2027 | |
| Crows | Segment 2 | Statewide | Dec 9, 2026 | Mar 4, 2027 | |
| Rattlesnakes | Season | Statewide | Mar 1, 2027 | Jun 30, 2027 |
From the ODWC hunting regulations and the 2026-2027 Oklahoma Fishing and Hunting Regulations (Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation), checked November 3, 2026.
Caney Ridge processors and gun shops
Game processors come from the ODWC game processor list and directory listings; commercial hunting areas from the ODWC licensed list. Nearest food-bank processor: 3:16 Deer Processing, 19 mi. A mount from a Caney Ridge hunt can go to Peggs Processing & Taxidermy in Hulbert, 23 mi away. Ammunition and hunter orange are sold at Williams Shooting Supply & Gunsmithing in Tahlequah, 10 mi away. Pay hunts near Caney Ridge start with Circle T Farms Upland Hunting, licensed by ODWC for upland game.
| Type | Inside 15 | Inside 35 | Nearest one | Distance | Town |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Processing shops | 3 | 10 | Park Hill Processing | 7.7 mi NW | Parkhill |
| Mount makers | 0 | 3 | Peggs Processing & Taxidermy | 23 mi NW | Hulbert |
| Outdoor stores | 3 | 10 | Williams Shooting Supply & Gunsmithing | 10 mi NW | Tahlequah |
| Preserves | 2 | 4 | Circle T Farms Upland Hunting | 15 mi E | Stilwell |
Processing shops
Mount makers
Outdoor stores
Preserves
Processors from the ODWC game processor list (Hunters Against Hunger column) and Yellow Pages; commercial hunting areas from the ODWC commercial hunt area list; taxidermists and shops from Yellow Pages and chain store locators (services.json). Listings without coordinates are placed at their town. Checked November 3, 2026; hours were not checked.
What the calendar shows near Caney Ridge
Inside about 30 miles, soonest first, the calendar shows 17 upcoming listings: DU bingo night, DU chapter dinner, NWTF banquet, NWTF bingo fundraiser, NWTF women’s mentored hunt, ODWC controlled hunt and ODWC youth draw. Checked November 3, 2026. 11 of them are ODWC controlled hunts, open only to hunters drawn in the spring.
Still on the calendar
Practice spots handy to Caney Ridge
From central Caney Ridge, Cherokee PHA Shooting Range is closest at 11 miles.
Straight-line miles from the town centre; ranges checked November 3, 2026.
Caney Ridge hunting hours
Big game legal light around Caney Ridge starts 30 minutes before sunrise and ends 30 minutes after sunset; ducks and geese end at sunset.
| Date | Why it matters | Sunrise | Sunset | Deer and elk | Migratory | Quail, pheasant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oct 1, 2026 | Archery deer opens | 7:14 a.m. | 7:05 p.m. | 6:44 a.m.–7:35 p.m. | 6:44 a.m.–7:05 p.m. | 7:14 a.m.–7:05 p.m. |
| Oct 24, 2026 | Muzzleloader opens | 7:34 a.m. | 6:34 p.m. | 7:04 a.m.–7:04 p.m. | 7:04 a.m.–6:34 p.m. | 7:34 a.m.–6:34 p.m. |
| Nov 21, 2026 | Gun deer opens | 7:02 a.m. | 5:10 p.m. | 6:32 a.m.–5:40 p.m. | 6:32 a.m.–5:10 p.m. | 7:02 a.m.–5:10 p.m. |
| Dec 6, 2026 | Gun deer closes | 7:16 a.m. | 5:06 p.m. | 6:46 a.m.–5:36 p.m. | 6:46 a.m.–5:06 p.m. | 7:16 a.m.–5:06 p.m. |
| Dec 21, 2026 | Shortest day | 7:26 a.m. | 5:09 p.m. | 6:56 a.m.–5:39 p.m. | 6:56 a.m.–5:09 p.m. | 7:26 a.m.–5:09 p.m. |
| Jan 15, 2027 | Archery closes | 7:30 a.m. | 5:28 p.m. | 7:00 a.m.–5:58 p.m. | 7:00 a.m.–5:28 p.m. | 7:30 a.m.–5:28 p.m. |
| Apr 16, 2027 | Spring turkey | 6:47 a.m. | 7:53 p.m. | 6:17 a.m.–8:23 p.m. | 6:17 a.m.–7:53 p.m. | 6:47 a.m.–7:53 p.m. |
Hours rules from the ODWC big game regulations and the 2026-2027 Oklahoma Fishing and Hunting Regulations; sunrise and sunset worked out for this location with the NOAA solar formula (Central Time); checked November 3, 2026. Legal hours for every county.
Caney Ridge, answered
Can bear be baited on a WMA near Caney Ridge?
No. Bear baiting is prohibited on WMAs.
Is there a Sunday hunting law in Oklahoma?
No Sunday restriction was found in the 2026-27 rules.
Can I use a rifle on OLAP walk-in land?
No. Walk-in tracts are archery and shotgun only; no rifles, slugs or muzzleloaders.
Which processor should a Caney Ridge hunter call first?
Park Hill Processing (Parkhill), the closest listing at 7.7 mi.
Who supervises game wardens in Cherokee County?
Captain David Robertson of District 2.
Which towns near Caney Ridge have their own page here?
Etta, Cave Spring, Zeb and Flute Springs are the nearest four.
How far is Caney Ridge from the nearest public hunting ground?
The nearest listed land is Tenkiller Ferry Lake (Corps), which reaches the edge of town. Following that: Cookson WMA, with its closest edge 3.6 miles out.
Is there much public land close to Caney Ridge?
About 31,772 mapped public acres within 10 miles, in 7 areas.
What are the muzzleloader and gun antlerless limits in Cherokee County?
Zone 4: 2 antlerless by muzzleloader and 2 by gun.
On what date does gun deer season end near Caney Ridge?
December 6, 2026, with the holiday antlerless season later in December.
Which elk zone covers Cherokee County?
Northeast Zone.
Is camouflage orange legal in Oklahoma?
Yes, if it adds up to 400 square inches of orange.
How long do Oklahoma hunters have to report big game?
Within 24 hours of leaving the hunt area, before processing.
Answers from places.json, lands.json, counties.json, services.json and the 2026-2027 Oklahoma Fishing and Hunting Regulations; reporting from ODWC, hunter orange from the ODWC big game regulations, baiting from ODWC, Sunday hunting from ODWC seasons, the Land Access Permit from the ODWC license fees, CWD from ODWC. Checked November 3, 2026.
Last checks, Caney Ridge
ODWC can change dates and area rules between printings; open the Cherokee County page and wildlifedepartment.com once more before the trip.
Other photos on this page: usacetulsa (CC BY 2.0); Pondfishfarmer (CC BY-SA 4.0); Jack Gray (CC BY 2.0); Billy Hathorn (CC BY-SA 3.0); Guy Teague (CC BY-SA 2.0); Shiva Shenoy (CC BY 4.0); U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Southwest Region (Public Domain Mark 1.0); Thomas Shahan (CC BY 2.0).